DeepSeek-V3.1

DeepSeek-V3.1#

Image: DeepSeek-V3

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License

Introduction#

DeepSeek-V3.1 is a hybrid model that supports both thinking mode and non-thinking mode. Compared to the previous version, this upgrade brings improvements in multiple aspects:

• Hybrid thinking mode: One model supports both thinking mode and non-thinking mode by changing the chat template.
• Smarter tool calling: Through post-training optimization, the model's performance in tool usage and agent tasks has significantly improved.
• Higher thinking efficiency: DeepSeek-V3.1-Think achieves comparable answer quality to DeepSeek-R1-0528, while responding more quickly.

DeepSeek-V3.1 is post-trained on the top of DeepSeek-V3.1-Base, which is built upon the original V3 base checkpoint through a two-phase long context extension approach, following the methodology outlined in the original DeepSeek-V3 report. We have expanded our dataset by collecting additional long documents and substantially extending both training phases. The 32K extension phase has been increased 10-fold to 630B tokens, while the 128K extension phase has been extended by 3.3x to 209B tokens.

Additionally, DeepSeek-V3.1 is trained using the UE8M0 FP8 scale data format on both model weights and activations to ensure compatibility with microscaling data formats. Please refer to DeepGEMM for more details.

Model Downloads#

Chat Template#

The details of our chat template is described in tokenizer_config.json and assets/chat_template.jinja. Here is a brief description.

Non-Thinking#

First-Turn#

Prefix: <｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>{system prompt}<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think>

With the given prefix, DeepSeek V3.1 generates responses to queries in non-thinking mode. Unlike DeepSeek V3, it introduces an additional token </think>.

Multi-Turn#

Context: <｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>{system prompt}<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think>{response}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>...<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think>{response}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>

Prefix: <｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think>

By concatenating the context and the prefix, we obtain the correct prompt for the query.

Thinking#

First-Turn#

Prefix: <｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>{system prompt}<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜><think>

The prefix of thinking mode is similar to DeepSeek-R1.

Multi-Turn#

Context: <｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>{system prompt}<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think>{response}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>...<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think>{response}<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>

Prefix: <｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜><think>

The multi-turn template is the same with non-thinking multi-turn chat template. It means the thinking token in the last turn will be dropped but the </think> is retained in every turn of context.

ToolCall#

Toolcall is supported in non-thinking mode. The format is:

<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>{system prompt}\n\n{tool_description}<｜User｜>{query}<｜Assistant｜></think> where the tool_description is

## Tools
You have access to the following tools:

### {tool_name1}
Description: {description}

Parameters: {json.dumps(parameters)}

IMPORTANT: ALWAYS adhere to this exact format for tool use:
<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>tool_call_name<｜tool▁sep｜>tool_call_arguments<｜tool▁call▁end｜>{additional_tool_calls}<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>

Where:
- `tool_call_name` must be an exact match to one of the available tools
- `tool_call_arguments` must be valid JSON that strictly follows the tool's Parameters Schema
- For multiple tool calls, chain them directly without separators or spaces

Code-Agent#

We support various code agent frameworks. Please refer to the above toolcall format to create your own code agents. An example is shown in assets/code_agent_trajectory.html.

Search-Agent#

We design a specific format for searching toolcall in thinking mode, to support search agent.

For complex questions that require accessing external or up-to-date information, DeepSeek-V3.1 can leverage a user-provided search tool through a multi-turn tool-calling process.

Please refer to the assets/search_tool_trajectory.html and assets/search_python_tool_trajectory.html for the detailed template.

Evaluation#

| Category | Benchmark (Metric) | DeepSeek V3.1-NonThinking | DeepSeek V3 0324 | DeepSeek V3.1-Thinking | DeepSeek R1 0528

|----------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---|---|---|

| General |

| | MMLU-Redux (EM) | 91.8 | 90.5 | 93.7 | 93.4 | | MMLU-Pro (EM) | 83.7 | 81.2 | 84.8 | 85.0 | | GPQA-Diamond (Pass@1) | 74.9 | 68.4 | 80.1 | 81.0 | | Humanity's Last Exam (Pass@1) | - | - | 15.9 | 17.7

|Search Agent|

| | BrowseComp | - | - | 30.0 | 8.9 | | BrowseComp_zh | - | - | 49.2 | 35.7 | | Humanity's Last Exam (Python + Search) |- | - | 29.8 | 24.8 | | SimpleQA | - | - | 93.4 | 92.3

| Code |

| | LiveCodeBench (2408-2505) (Pass@1) | 56.4 | 43.0 | 74.8 | 73.3 | | Codeforces-Div1 (Rating) | - | - | 2091 | 1930 | | Aider-Polyglot (Acc.) | 68.4 | 55.1 | 76.3 | 71.6

| Code Agent|

| | SWE Verified (Agent mode) | 66.0 | 45.4 | - | 44.6 | | SWE-bench Multilingual (Agent mode) | 54.5 | 29.3 | - | 30.5 | | Terminal-bench (Terminus 1 framework) | 31.3 | 13.3 | - | 5.7

| Math |

| | AIME 2024 (Pass@1) | 66.3 | 59.4 | 93.1 | 91.4 | | AIME 2025 (Pass@1) | 49.8 | 51.3 | 88.4 | 87.5

| | HMMT 2025 (Pass@1) | 33.5 | 29.2 | 84.2 | 79.4 |

Note:

• Search agents are evaluated with our internal search framework, which uses a commercial search API + webpage filter + 128K context window. Seach agent results of R1-0528 are evaluated with a pre-defined workflow.
• SWE-bench is evaluated with our internal code agent framework.
• HLE is evaluated with the text-only subset.

Usage Example#

import transformers

tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.1")

messages = [
    {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant"},
    {"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
    {"role": "assistant", "content": "<think>Hmm</think>I am DeepSeek"},
    {"role": "user", "content": "1+1=?"}
]

tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, thinking=True, add_generation_prompt=True)
# '<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are a helpful assistant<｜User｜>Who are you?<｜Assistant｜></think>I am DeepSeek<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>1+1=?<｜Assistant｜><think>'

tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, tokenize=False, thinking=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
# '<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are a helpful assistant<｜User｜>Who are you?<｜Assistant｜></think>I am DeepSeek<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>1+1=?<｜Assistant｜></think>'

How to Run Locally#

The model structure of DeepSeek-V3.1 is the same as DeepSeek-V3. Please visit DeepSeek-V3 repo for more information about running this model locally.

Usage Recommendations:

1. The mlp.gate.e_score_correction_biasparameters should be loaded and computed in FP32 precision.
2. Ensure that FP8 model weights and activations are formatted using the UE8M0 scale format.

License#

This repository and the model weights are licensed under the MIT License.

Citation#

@misc{deepseekai2024deepseekv3technicalreport,
      title={DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report}, 
      author={DeepSeek-AI},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2412.19437},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19437}, 
}

Contact#

If you have any questions, please raise an issue or contact us at service@deepseek.com.